Intraocular implants

ABSTRACT

An artificial vision system including a sealed capsule adapted for intraocular placement upstream of a retina, an electronic display located within the sealed capsule and focusing optics located within the sealed capsule and arranged for focusing an image on the electronic display onto the retina.

REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS

Applicant hereby makes reference to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/321,793, filed Dec. 17, 2002, entitled “INTRAOCULAR IMPLANTS”.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to ocular implants generally and more particularly to intraocular implants and techniques for implanting thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The following U.S. Patents of the present inventor are believed to represent the current state of the art:

-   -   U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,814,103; 5,876,442; 5,928,283; 6,007,579 and         6,066,171.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to provide an artificial vision system.

There is thus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention an artificial vision system including a sealed capsule adapted for intraocular placement upstream of a retina, an electronic display located within the sealed capsule and focusing optics located within the sealed capsule and arranged for focusing an image on the electronic display onto the retina.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention the electronic display includes an LCD display.

In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention the artificial vision system also includes electronic circuitry located within the sealed capsule for operating the electronic display, the electronic circuitry being located outside an optical path defined between the electronic display and the focusing optics. Additionally, the electronic circuitry includes a wireless data receiver operative to receive image data for display on the electronic display. Alternatively, the electronic circuitry includes a wireless energy receiver for wirelessly receiving electrical energy for operating the electronic display.

In accordance with still another preferred embodiment the artificial vision system also includes wireless image transmission functionality operative to transmit the image data to the wireless data receiver. Preferably, the wireless image transmission functionality includes at least one of RF and IR image transmission functionality.

In accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the electronic circuitry includes an electrical power source for providing electrical energy for operating the electronic display. Additionally, the power source for providing electrical energy for operating the electronic display is a rechargeable power source. Alternatively, the power source for providing electrical energy for operating the electronic display is a wirelessly rechargeable power source. Additionally or alternatively, the power source for providing electrical energy for operating the electronic display is rechargeable using at least one of ultrasonic, electromagnetic and photovoltaic power source.

In accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention the artificial vision system also includes an image acquirer for acquiring an image to be displayed on the electronic display. Additionally, the image acquirer is mounted onto eyeglasses.

Preferably, the focusing optics includes a single lens. Alternatively, the focusing optics includes multiple lenses.

There is also provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method for providing artificial vision including implanting a sealed capsule in a user's eye upstream of a retina, the sealed capsule incorporating an electronic display and focusing optics for focusing an image on the electronic display onto the retina, acquiring image data and transmitting the image data to the electronic display for display thereon.

Preferably, the transmitting includes wireless transmission to electronic circuitry located within the sealed capsule for operating the electronic display.

Additionally, the method for providing artificial vision also includes wirelessly transmitting electrical energy for operating the electronic display to a location inside the capsule.

There is further provided in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention an intraocular implant, for placement upstream of a retina, including a telescope body defining an optical path for light to pass therethrough, at least one first lens and at least one second lens enclosed in the telescope body, positioning means, for positioning at least one of the lenses along its optical axis relative to another at least one of the lenses, operative to focus objects located at multiple distances onto the retina and mounting structure connected to the telescope body for mounting the implant in an eye.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment the positioning means includes a range finder. Alternatively, the positioning means includes a focus resolver. In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention the positioning means is responsive to a user input.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment the positioning means includes a mounting for at least one of the lenses, at least one magnet and at least one electromagnetic coil, interacting with the at least one magnet.

In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment the positioning means is responsive to an input from an input device external to the telescope body.

There is also provided in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention an intraocular implant system for use in an environment wherein at least one positive lens is located outside the lens capsule of an eye, the system including a sealed capsule including at least one negative lens cooperating with the at least one positive lens to define a Galilean telescope and at least one air bubble.

In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention the at least one positive lens is produced by reshaping of the cornea.

There is further provided in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention an intraocular implant system including a sealed capsule, including at least one negative lens and at least one air bubble, and at least one positive lens located outside the sealed capsule.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the at least one positive lens includes an eyeglass lens. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one positive lens includes a contact lens. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one positive lens includes a lens implanted in an eye. Additionally, the implanted lens includes an air capsule.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, an external wall of the sealed capsule includes the at least one negative lens.

There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention an intraocular implant system for use in an environment wherein at least one negative lens is located outside the lens capsule of an eye, the system including a sealed capsule including at least one positive lens cooperating with the at least one negative lens to define a Galilean telescope and at least one air bubble.

In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment the at least one negative lens is produced by reshaping of the cornea.

There is yet further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention an intraocular implant system including a sealed capsule, including at least one positive lens and at least one air bubble, and at least one negative lens located outside the sealed capsule.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the at least one negative lens includes an eyeglass lens. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one negative lens includes a contact lens. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one negative lens includes a lens implanted in an eye. Additionally, the implanted lens includes an air capsule.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, an external wall of the sealed capsule includes the at least one positive lens.

There is also provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method of improving vision including implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina, the sealed capsule including an electronic display and focusing optics and employing the electronic display and focusing optics for focusing an image appearing on the electronic display onto the retina.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes employing a wireless data receiver operative to receive image data and displaying the image data on the electronic display. Additionally or alternatively, the method also includes employing a wireless energy receiver for wirelessly receiving electrical energy for operating the electronic display. In accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes wirelessly transmitting the image data to the wireless data receiver. Preferably, the wirelessly transmitting includes at least one of RF and IR image transmitting.

In accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes employing an electrical power source for providing electrical energy for operating the electronic display.

In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes acquiring an image to be displayed on the electronic display. Additionally, the acquiring includes mounting an image acquirer onto eyeglasses.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method of improving vision including providing an intraocular implant including a telescope body defining an optical path for light to pass therethrough, at least one first lens and at least one second lens enclosed in the telescope body, positioning means for positioning at least one of the lenses along its optical axis relative to another at least one of the lenses, operative to focus objects located at multiple distances onto the retina and implanting the implant upstream of a retina in an eye.

In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes providing an input to the positioning means and positioning the at least one of the lenses in response to the input. Additionally, the providing an input includes providing an input from an input device external to the telescope body.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method of improving vision including providing at least one negative lens located outside the lens capsule of an eye and implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in the eye, the sealed capsule including at least one air bubble and at least one positive lens cooperating with the at least one negative lens to define a Galilean telescope. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes reshaping the cornea of the eye to produce the at least one negative lens.

There is still further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method of improving vision including implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in an eye, the sealed capsule including at least one positive lens and at least one air bubble and providing at least one negative lens located outside the sealed capsule.

There is further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method of improving vision including providing at least one positive lens located outside the lens capsule of an eye and implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in the eye, the sealed capsule including at least one air bubble and at least one negative lens cooperating with the at least one positive lens to define a Galilean telescope. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method also includes reshaping the cornea of the eye to produce the at least one positive lens.

There is still further provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention a method of improving vision including implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in an eye, the sealed capsule including at least one negative lens and at least one air bubble and providing at least one positive lens located outside the sealed capsule.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention the providing includes providing an eyeglass lens. Alternatively or additionally, the providing includes providing a contact lens. Additionally or alternatively, the providing includes implanting a lens in the eye. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention the implanting a lens includes implanting a lens including an air capsule.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified pictorial illustration of an artificial vision system constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified exploded view pictorial illustration of an implant forming part of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a simplified partially sectional side view illustration of the implant of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are simplified illustrations of the use of a variable focal length lens arrangement in the implant system of FIGS. 1-3;

FIG. 5 is a simplified exploded view pictorial illustration of an implant forming part of the system of FIGS. 4A & 4B;

FIG. 6 is a simplified partially sectional side view illustration of the implant of FIG. 5;

FIGS. 7A-7G are simplified sectional illustrations showing alternative implementations of an intraocular lens system employing a sealed capsule arranged for implantation in an eye and including at least one negative lens and at least one air bubble and at least one positive lens located outside of the sealed capsule;

FIG. 7H is a simplified sectional illustration showing another alternative implementation of an intraocular lens system employing a sealed capsule arranged for implantation in an eye and including at least one negative lens and at least one air bubble for use in cooperation with a positive lens formed by reshaping of the cornea;

FIG. 8 is a simplified side view sectional illustration of an intraocular lens system of the type shown in FIGS. 7A-7H constructed and operative in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 9A-9D are simplified side view illustrations of four examples of implanted sealed capsules of the type employed in the systems of FIGS. 7A-8;

FIGS. 10A-10G are simplified sectional illustrations showing alternative implementations of an intraocular lens system employing a sealed capsule arranged for implantation in an eye and including at least one positive lens and at least one air bubble and at least one negative lens located outside of the sealed capsule;

FIG. 10H is a simplified sectional illustration showing another alternative implementation of an intraocular lens system employing a sealed capsule arranged for implantation in an eye and including at least one positive lens and at least one air bubble for use in cooperation with a negative lens formed by reshaping of the cornea;

FIG. 11 is a simplified side view sectional illustration of an intraocular lens system of the type shown in FIGS. 10A-10H constructed and operative in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 12A-12D are simplified side view illustrations of four examples of implanted sealed capsules of the type employed in the systems of FIGS. 10A-11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which is a simplified pictorial illustration of an artificial vision system constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As seen in FIG. 1, there is provided an artificial vision system including a real time imaging device, such as a CCD camera. The illustrated embodiment includes both implanted and external imaging devices for the purposes for illustration, it being understood that typically either implanted or external imaging devices will be employed, although both could be used together.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, at least one and preferably plural external imaging devices, here designated by reference numeral 100, are typically mounted on a pair of eyeglasses 102, as shown. The external imaging devices 100 view a scene, preferably in stereo. The image information captured by the external imaging devices 100 is transmitted wirelessly, preferably by conventional IR or RF techniques, to electronic circuitry 104 located within a sealed capsule 106 adapted for intraocular placement upstream of a retina. The electronic circuitry 104 is operative to display the captured image as seen by the external imaging devices 100 in real time on an electronic display 108, such as a backlit or self-illuminated LCD display.

Focusing optics, typically in the form of a lens assembly 110, in the sealed capsule 106, are operative to image the displayed image onto the retina of a user.

Alternatively or additionally, an implanted imaging device, here designated by reference numeral 112, is located on an outer surface of or interior of each sealed capsule 106. The internal imaging devices 112 view a scene, preferably in stereo. The image information captured by the internal imaging devices 100 is transmitted in a wired or wireless manner, such as by conventional IR or RF techniques, to electronic circuitry 104 located within sealed capsule 106 adapted for intraocular placement upstream of a retina. The electronic circuitry 104 is operative to display the captured image as seen by the internal imaging devices 112 in real time on electronic display 108, such as a backlit or self-illuminated LCD display. Focusing optics, preferably lens assembly 110, in the sealed capsule 106, are operative to image the displayed image onto the retina of a user.

It is noted that the electronic circuitry 104 is located outside an optical path defined between the electronic display 108 and said focusing optics 110.

It is appreciated that, in addition to transmitting an image of a scene, external imaging devices 100 or internal imaging devices 112 may be operative to transmit any other suitable digital information, such as a video image, via electronic circuitry 104 to electronic display 108.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 2 and 3, which illustrate some details of the implantable sealed capsule 106 which is shown implanted in a user in FIG. 1. The sealed capsule 106 is defined by an intraocular implant housing 120 having mounting haptics 122 and defining a generally cylindrical capsule body 124. Hermetically sealed to capsule body 124 are a front sealing plate 125 and a back sealing plate 126. Back sealing plate 126 is transparent. An internal imaging device 112 is shown mounted on an outside surface of front sealing plate 125. Capsules of this type are described in applicants' U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/678,559, filed Oct. 3, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/222,330, filed Dec. 29, 1998 and entitled ““TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, subsequently abandoned, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/721,916, filed Nov. 27, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Preferably disposed within sealed capsule 106 is an electronic circuit and display assembly, here designated by reference numeral 130. Assembly 130 preferably includes electronic display 108 (FIG. 1) which is coupled to electronic circuitry 104 (FIG. 1), preferably including a wireless receiver for image data Display 108 is arranged to lie generally parallel to front sealing plate 125, while electronic circuitry 104 is preferably embodied on a flexible circuit board 132 which is arranged to lie in a cylindrical configuration, peripherally of the optical path between display 108 and back sealing plate 126, so as not to interfere with the optical pathway between the display 108, focusing optics 110 (FIG. 1), here shown as a lens 134, and the user's retina. It is appreciated that even though the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 shows a single lens 134, focusing optics 110 may also comprise multiple lenses as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electronic circuitry 104 also includes a wireless energy receiver such as a resonant circuit (not shown) and energy storage facilities, such as a rechargeable miniature battery or capacitor (not shown) for wirelessly receiving and storing electrical energy for operating the electrical circuitry and the electronic display.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, an electrical power source (not shown) external to a user's body, such as a battery mounted in eyeglasses 102, and a suitable energy transmitter, such as a resonant circuit, may be used to transmit operating power to electronic circuit 104 inside sealed capsule 106. Any suitable electrical power source, such as an ultrasonic, electromagnetic and photovoltaic power source, may alternatively be employed interiorly or exteriorly of the capsule.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 4A and 4B, which are simplified illustrations of the use of a variable focal length lens arrangement, usable in the implant system of FIGS. 1-3, as well as in other intraocular implant systems. As seen in FIGS. 4A and 4B, there is provided an intraocular implant system which includes variable focus optics 200 located within a sealed capsule 202 implanted within the eye of a user.

From a consideration of FIGS. 4A and 4B, it can be seen that the relative positioning of at least two lenses 204 and 206 within variable focus optics 200 is variable, preferably in response to an electrical control input, so as to correctly focus onto objects at differing distances.

The relative positioning is preferably produced by an electric displacer, such as a piezoelectric device or a rotary electric motor in response to a wirelessly received viewed object distance indicating input, which may be provided by a conventional range finder or focus resolver, such as employed in conventional automatic focus cameras. Alternatively, a user input may be provided.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 5 and 6, which illustrate some details of the implantable sealed capsule 202 shown implanted in a user in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The sealed capsule 202 is defined by an intraocular implant housing 220 having mounting haptics 222 and defining a generally cylindrical capsule body 224. Hermetically sealed to capsule body 224 are a front sealing plate 225 and a back sealing plate 226. Front sealing plate 225 and back sealing plate 226 are transparent. An internal range finding device 212 is shown mounted on an outside surface of front sealing plate 225. Capsules of this type are described in applicants' U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/678,559, filed Oct. 3, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/222,330, filed Dec. 29, 1998 and entitled ““TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, subsequently abandoned, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/721,916, filed Nov. 27, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

An electronic circuit and focus control assembly, here designated by reference numeral 230, is preferably disposed within sealed capsule 202. Assembly 230 preferably includes electronic circuitry 234, preferably including a wireless receiver for receiving ranging information. Electronic circuitry 234 is preferably embodied on a flexible circuit board 236 which is arranged to lie in a cylindrical configuration, peripherally of the optical path through capsule 202 via back sealing plate 226, so as not to interfere with the optical pathway between the viewed scene, via variable focusing optics 240, and the user's retina.

In the illustrated embodiment, the variable focusing optics 240 comprise a fixed lens 242 and a variable position lens 244 which is selectably positionable along its optical axis with respect to fixed lens 242, thus varying the focal length of the variable focusing optics 240.

In the illustrated embodiment, a threaded mounting 246 is provided for lens 244, and at least one permanent magnet 250, and at least one electromagnetic coil 252 interacting therewith, is preferably provided for selectably threading lens 244 in threaded mounting 246, thus varying its separation from lens 242, in response to control signals from electronic circuitry 234, thereby providing appropriate focusing on a distant viewed object.

It is appreciated that any other suitable mechanism for selectable mutual displacement of lenses 242 and 244 may be employed.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electronic circuitry 234 also includes a wireless energy receiver such as a resonant circuit (not shown) and energy storage facilities, such as a rechargeable miniature battery or capacitor (not shown) for wirelessly receiving and storing electrical energy for operating the electrical circuitry 234 and the electromagnetic coil 252.

In one embodiment of the invention, an electrical power source (not shown) external to a user's body, such as a battery mounted in eyeglasses, and a suitable range finder and energy transmitter, such as a resonant circuit, may be used to transmit operating power to electronic circuit 234 inside sealed capsule 202. Any suitable electrical power source, such as an ultrasonic, electromagnetic and photovoltaic power source, may alternatively be employed interiorly or exteriorly of the capsule.

It is appreciated that even though the illustrated embodiment comprises two lenses, any suitable configuration of two or more lenses may also be employed.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 7A-7G, which are simplified sectional illustrations showing examples of various alternative implementations of an intraocular lens system employing a sealed capsule 300 implanted in the lens capsule of an eye and including at least one negative lens 302 and at least one air bubble 304 and at least one positive lens located outside of the sealed capsule.

FIG. 7A shows an embodiment where the positive lens is a contact lens 306. In the embodiment of FIG. 7B, the positive lens is an eyeglass lens 308. FIG. 7C illustrates an embodiment where the positive lens is a lens 310 implanted in the eye. FIG. 7C shows lens 310 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 310 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule.

FIG. 7D shows an embodiment where two lenses are provided, a contact lens 312 and an eyeglass less 314. In the embodiment of FIG. 7E, two lenses are provided, a contact lens 316 and a lens 318 implanted in the eye. FIG. 7E shows lens 318 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 318 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule. FIG. 7F illustrates an embodiment where the two lenses are an eyeglass lens 320 and a lens 322 implanted in the eye. FIG. 7F shows lens 322 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 322 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule.

FIG. 7G shows an embodiment where three lenses are employed, contact lens 324, eyeglass lens 326 and a lens 328 implanted in the eye. FIG. 7G shows lens 328 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 328 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7H, which is identical to FIG. 7A, wherein refractive surgery is employed to change the curvature of the cornea 330, as shown by dotted lines 332, thereby obviating the need for lens 306 (FIG. 7A).

Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which is a simplified side view sectional illustration of an intraocular lens system of the type shown in FIGS. 7A-7H, constructed and operative in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a positive lens 350 is implanted in the eye. FIG. 8 shows lens 350 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 350 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, positive lens 350 preferably includes an air capsule 352 to provide higher clarity focusing.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 9A-9D, which are simplified side view illustrations of four examples of implanted sealed capsules of the type employed in the systems of FIGS. 7A-8. It is seen that each of the capsules includes a sealed capsule body 360 and associated mounting haptics 362. Capsules of this type are described in applicants' U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/678,559, filed Oct. 3, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application 09/222,330, filed Dec. 29, 1998 and entitled ““TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, subsequently abandoned, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/721,916, filed Nov. 27, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Disposed within the capsule is a negative lens 364.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9A, a single air bubble 368 is disposed rearward of negative lens 364.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9B, a single air bubble 370 is disposed forward of negative lens 364.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9C, air bubbles 380 are disposed forward and rearward of negative lens 364.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9D, in addition to air bubbles 390 disposed forward and rearward of negative lens 364, a positive lens 394 is also disposed rearward of negative lens 364.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 10A-10G, which are simplified sectional illustrations showing examples of alternative implementations of an intraocular lens system employing a sealed capsule 400 implanted in a lens capsule of an eye and including at least one positive lens 402 and at least one air bubble 404 and at least one negative lens located outside of the sealed capsule. The intraocular lens system of FIGS. 10A-10G is particularly suitable for treatment of tunnel vision.

FIG. 10A shows an embodiment where the negative lens is a contact lens 406. In the embodiment of FIG. 10B, the negative lens is an eyeglass lens 408. FIG. 10C illustrates an embodiment where the negative lens is a lens 410 implanted in the eye. FIG. 10C shows lens 410 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 410 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule.

FIG. 10D shows an embodiment where two lenses are provided, a contact lens 412 and an eyeglass less 414. In the embodiment of FIG. 10E, two lenses are provided, a contact lens 416 and a lens 418 implanted in the eye. FIG. 10E shows lens 418 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 418 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule. FIG. 10F illustrates an embodiment where the two lenses are an eyeglass lens 420 and a lens 422 implanted in the eye. FIG. 10F shows lens 422 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 422 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule.

FIG. 10G shows an embodiment where three lenses are employed, contact lens 424, eyeglass lens 426 and a lens 428 implanted in the eye. FIG. 10G shows lens 428 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 428 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule.

Reference is now made to FIG. 10H, which is identical to FIG. 10A, wherein refractive surgery is employed to change the curvature of the cornea 430, as shown by dotted lines 432, thereby obviating the need for negative lens 406 (FIG. 10A).

Reference is now made to FIG. 11, which is a simplified side view sectional illustration of an intraocular lens system of the type shown in FIGS. 10A-10H, constructed and operative in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a negative lens 450 is implanted in the eye. FIG. 11 shows lens 450 implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye, it being appreciated that alternatively lens 450 may be implanted in the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens capsule. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, lens 450 includes an air capsule 452 to provide higher clarity focusing.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 12A-12D, which are simplified side view illustrations of four examples of implanted sealed capsules of the type employed in the systems of FIGS. 10A-11. It is seen that each of the capsules includes a sealed capsule body 460 and associated mounting haptics 462. Capsules of this type are described in applicants' U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/678,559, filed Oct. 3, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/222,330, filed Dec. 29, 1998 and entitled ““TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, subsequently abandoned, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/721,916, filed Nov. 27, 2000 and entitled “TELESCOPIC INTRAOCULAR LENS”, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Disposed within the capsule is a positive lens 464.

In the embodiment of FIG. 12A, a single air bubble 468 is disposed rearward of positive lens 464.

In the embodiment of FIG. 12B, a single air bubble 470 is disposed forward of positive lens 464.

In the embodiment of FIG. 12C, air bubbles 480 are disposed forward and rearward of positive lens 464.

In the embodiment of FIG. 12D, in addition to air bubbles 490 disposed forward and rearward of negative lens 464, a negative lens 494 is also disposed rearward of positive lens 464.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention includes both combinations and subcombinations of the various features described hereinabove as well as modifications and variations thereof as would occur to a person of skill in the art upon reading the foregoing specification and which are not in the prior art. 

1. An artificial vision system comprising: a sealed capsule adapted for intraocular placement upstream of a retina; an electronic display located within said sealed capsule; and focusing optics located within said sealed capsule and arranged for focusing an image on said electronic display onto the retina.
 2. An artificial vision system according to claim 1 and wherein said electronic display comprises an LCD display.
 3. An artificial vision system according to claim 1 and also comprising electronic circuitry located within said sealed capsule for operating said electronic display, said electronic circuitry being located outside an optical path defined between said electronic display and said focusing optics.
 4. An artificial vision system according to claim 3 and wherein said electronic circuitry comprises a wireless data receiver operative to receive image data for display on said electronic display.
 5. An artificial vision system according to claim 3 and wherein said electronic circuitry comprises a wireless energy receiver for wirelessly receiving electrical energy for operating said electronic display.
 6. An artificial vision system according to claim 4 and also comprising wireless image transmission functionality operative to transmit said image data to said wireless data receiver.
 7. An artificial vision system according to claim 6 and wherein said wireless image transmission functionality includes at least one of RF and IR image transmission functionality.
 8. An artificial vision system according to claim 3 and wherein said electronic circuitry comprises an electrical power source for providing electrical energy for operating said electronic display.
 9. An artificial vision system according to claim 8 and wherein said power source for providing electrical energy for operating said electronic display is a rechargeable power source.
 10. An artificial vision system according to claim 8 and wherein said power source for providing electrical energy for operating said electronic display is a wirelessly rechargeable power source.
 11. An artificial vision system according to claim 9 and wherein said power source for providing electrical energy for operating said electronic display is rechargeable using at least one of ultrasonic, electromagnetic and photovoltaic power source.
 12. An artificial vision system according to claim 1 and also comprising an image acquirer for acquiring an image to be displayed on said electronic display.
 13. An artificial vision system according to claim 12 and wherein said image acquirer is mounted onto eyeglasses.
 14. An artificial vision system according to claim 1 and wherein said focusing optics comprises a single lens.
 15. An artificial vision system according to claim 1 and wherein said focusing optics comprises multiple lenses.
 16. A method for providing artificial vision comprising: implanting a sealed capsule in a user's eye upstream of a retina, said sealed capsule incorporating an electronic display and focusing optics for focusing an image on said electronic display onto the retina; acquiring image data; and transmitting said image data to said electronic display for display thereon.
 17. A method for providing artificial vision according to claim 16 and wherein said transmitting comprises wireless transmission to electronic circuitry located within said sealed capsule for operating said electronic display.
 18. A method for providing artificial vision according to claim 16 and also comprising wirelessly transmitting electrical energy for operating said electronic display to a location inside said capsule.
 19. An intraocular implant, for placement upstream of a retina, comprising: a telescope body defining an optical path for light to pass therethrough; at least one first lens and at least one second lens enclosed in said telescope body; positioning means, for positioning at least one of said lenses along its optical axis relative to another at least one of said lenses, operative to focus objects located at multiple distances onto the retina; and mounting structure connected to said telescope body for mounting said implant in an eye.
 20. An intraocular implant according to claim 19 and wherein said positioning means comprises a range finder.
 21. An intraocular implant according to claim 19 and wherein said positioning means comprises a focus resolver.
 22. An intraocular implant according to claim 19 and wherein said positioning means is responsive to a user input.
 23. An intraocular implant according to claim 19 and wherein said positioning means comprises: a mounting for at least one of said lenses; at least one magnet; and at least one electromagnetic coil, interacting with said at least one magnet.
 24. An intraocular implant according to claim 19 and wherein said positioning means is responsive to an input from an input device external to said telescope body.
 25. An intraocular implant system comprising: a sealed capsule comprising: at least one negative lens; and at least one air bubble; and at least one positive lens located outside said sealed capsule.
 26. An intraocular implant system according to claim 25 and wherein said at least one positive lens comprises an eyeglass lens.
 27. An intraocular implant system according to claim 25 and wherein said at least one positive lens comprises a contact lens.
 28. An intraocular implant system according to claim 25 and wherein said at least one positive lens comprises a lens implanted in an eye.
 29. An intraocular implant system according to claim 28 and wherein said implanted lens comprises an air capsule.
 30. An intraocular implant system according to claim 25 and wherein an external wall of said sealed capsule comprises said at least one negative lens.
 31. An intraocular implant system comprising: a sealed capsule comprising: at least one positive lens; and at least one air bubble; and at least one negative lens located outside said sealed capsule.
 32. An intraocular implant system according to claim 31 and wherein said at least one negative lens comprises an eyeglass lens.
 33. An intraocular implant system according to claim 31 and wherein said at least one negative lens comprises a contact lens.
 34. An intraocular implant system according to claim 31 and wherein said at least one negative lens comprises a lens implanted in an eye.
 35. An intraocular implant system according to claim 34 and wherein said implanted lens comprises an air capsule.
 36. An intraocular implant system according to claim 31 and wherein an external wall of said sealed capsule comprises said at least one positive lens.
 37. An intraocular implant system for use in an environment wherein at least one negative lens is located outside the lens capsule of an eye, the system including a sealed capsule comprising: at least one positive lens cooperating with said at least one negative lens to define a Galilean telescope; and at least one air bubble.
 38. An intraocular implant system according to claim 37 and wherein said at least one negative lens is produced by reshaping of the cornea.
 39. An intraocular implant system according to claim 37 and wherein said at least one negative lens comprises an eyeglass lens.
 40. An intraocular implant system according to claim 37 and wherein said at least one negative lens comprises a contact lens.
 41. An intraocular implant system according to claim 37 and wherein said at least one negative lens comprises a lens implanted in an eye.
 42. An intraocular implant system according to claim 41 and wherein said implanted lens comprises an air capsule.
 43. An intraocular implant system according to claim 37 and wherein an external wall of said sealed capsule comprises said at least one positive lens.
 44. An intraocular implant system for use in an environment wherein at least one positive lens is located outside the lens capsule of an eye, the system including a sealed capsule comprising: at least one negative lens cooperating with said at least one positive lens to define a Galilean telescope; and at least one air bubble.
 45. An intraocular implant system according to claim 44 and wherein said at least one positive lens is produced by reshaping of the cornea.
 46. An intraocular implant system according to claim 44 and wherein said at least one positive lens comprises an eyeglass lens.
 47. An intraocular implant system according to claim 44 and wherein said at least one positive lens comprises a contact lens.
 48. An intraocular implant system according to claim 44 and wherein said at least one positive lens comprises a lens implanted in an eye.
 49. An intraocular implant system according to claim 48 and wherein said implanted lens comprises an air capsule.
 50. An intraocular implant system according to claim 44 and wherein an external wall of said sealed capsule comprises said at least one negative lens.
 51. A method of improving vision comprising: implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina, said sealed capsule including an electronic display and focusing optics; and employing said electronic display and focusing optics for focusing an image appearing on said electronic display onto the retina.
 52. A method according to claim 51 and also comprising: employing a wireless data receiver operative to receive image data; and displaying said image data on said electronic display.
 53. A method according to claim 51 and also comprising employing a wireless energy receiver for wirelessly receiving electrical energy for operating said electronic display.
 54. A method according to claim 52 and also comprising wirelessly transmitting said image data to said wireless data receiver.
 55. A method according to claim 54 and wherein said wirelessly transmitting includes wirelessly transmitting using at least one of RF and IR image transmission functionality.
 56. A method according to claim 51 and also comprising employing an electrical power source for providing electrical energy for operating said electronic display.
 57. A method according to claim 51 and also comprising acquiring an image to be displayed on said electronic display.
 58. A method according to claim 57 and wherein said acquiring includes acquiring employing an image acquirer mounted onto eyeglasses.
 59. A method of improving vision comprising: providing an intraocular implant including a telescope body defining an optical path for light to pass therethrough, at least one first lens and at least one second lens enclosed in said telescope body, positioning means for positioning at least one of said lenses along its optical axis relative to another at least one of said lenses, operative to focus objects located at multiple distances onto a retina of an eye; and implanting said implant upstream of said retina.
 60. A method according to claim 59 and also comprising: providing an input to said positioning means; and positioning said at least one of said lenses in response to said input.
 61. A method according to claim 60 and wherein said providing an input comprises providing an input from an input device external to said telescope body.
 62. A method of improving vision comprising: implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in an eye, said sealed capsule including at least one negative lens and at least one air bubble; and providing at least one positive lens located outside said sealed capsule.
 63. A method according to claim 62 and wherein said providing comprises providing an eyeglass lens.
 64. An intraocular implant system according to claim 62 and wherein said providing comprises providing a contact lens.
 65. An intraocular implant system according to claim 62 and wherein said providing comprises implanting a lens in said eye.
 66. A method according to claim 65 and wherein said implanting a lens comprises implanting a lens including an air capsule.
 67. A method of improving vision comprising: implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in an eye, said sealed capsule including at least one positive lens and at least one air bubble; and providing at least one negative lens located outside said sealed capsule.
 68. A method according to claim 67 and wherein said wherein said providing comprises providing an eyeglass lens.
 69. An intraocular implant system according to claim 67 and wherein said providing comprises providing a contact lens.
 70. An intraocular implant system according to claim 67 and wherein said providing comprises implanting a lens in said eye.
 71. A method according to claim 67 and wherein said implanting a lens comprises implanting a lens including an air capsule.
 72. A method of improving vision comprising: providing at least one negative lens located outside the lens capsule of an eye; and implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in said eye, said sealed capsule including at least one air bubble and at least one positive lens cooperating with said at least one negative lens to define a Galilean telescope.
 73. A method according to claim 72 and also comprising reshaping the cornea of said eye to produce said at least one negative lens.
 74. A method according to claim 72 and wherein said providing comprises providing an eyeglass lens.
 75. A method according to claim 72 and wherein said providing comprises providing a contact lens.
 76. A method according to claim 72 and wherein said providing comprises implanting a lens in said eye.
 77. A method according to claim 72 and wherein said implanting a lens comprises implanting a lens including an air capsule.
 78. A method of improving vision comprising: providing at least one positive lens located outside the lens capsule of an eye; and implanting a sealed capsule upstream of a retina in said eye, said sealed capsule including at least one air bubble and at least one negative lens cooperating with said at least one positive lens to define a Galilean telescope.
 79. A method according to claim 78 and also comprising reshaping the cornea of said eye to produce said at least one positive lens.
 80. A method according to claim 78 and wherein said providing comprises providing an eyeglass lens.
 81. A method according to claim 78 and wherein said providing comprises providing a contact lens.
 82. A method according to claim 78 and wherein said providing comprises implanting a lens in said eye.
 83. A method according to claim 78 and wherein said implanting a lens comprises implanting a lens including an air capsule. 